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Fundamento: Una persona con discapacidad además de las barreras físicas enfrenta limitaciones sexuales, afectados por estereotipos sociales de diversa índole. Objetivo: Analizar las percepciones maternas sobre la sexualidad como un tabú para las personas que tienen algún tipo de discapacidad física o intelectual. Metodología: Estudio cualitativo con enfoque fenomenológico; se entrevistaron 100 madres, las cuales tienen familiares con discapacidad intelectual y física. Se analizó su sexualidad como tabú, y en función de ello varios subtemas y códigos de análisis. Se empleó la entrevista, procesada con Atlas. Resultados: Se observó que algunas personas con discapacidad tienen pérdida del deseo sexual; y sus familiares el sexo lo conceptualizan y lo relacionan con la prostitución. A muchos de ellos los esterilizan sin su consentimiento con la idea de que no serían capaces de ser responsables de formar una familia, o que los hijos tengan la misma discapacidad que sus progenitores. Conclusiones: Existe rechazo social a las personas con discapacidad, todavía no hay una inclusión total a la sociedad y peor aún a sus derechos de sexualidad. A las personas con discapacidad en ocasiones se les ha privado de las decisiones corporales de control natal por prejuicios y miedos de sus familiares por factores hereditarios; idea esta muy presente en el contexto estudiado; por ello, el sexo es un tabú para las madres entrevistadas de personas con discapacidad.
Background: A disabled person faces sexual limitations in addition to physical barriers, affected by various kinds of social stereotypes. Objective: To analyze maternal perceptions about sexuality as a taboo for persons who have some physical or intellectual disability. Methodology: Qualitative study with a phenomenological approach; 100 mothers were interviewed, all of whom have relatives with intellectual and physical disabilities. Their sexuality as a taboo was analyzed, and, in function of this, several sub-themes and analyses codes. The interview, processed with Atlas, was applied. Results: It was observed that some disabled persons have sexual desire loss, and their family members conceptualize sex and relate it with prostitution. Many of them are sterilized without their consent with the idea that they would not be capable to be responsible for raising a family, or that the children have the same disability as their parents. Conclusions: There is social rejection for people with disabilities; there is still no total inclusion in society and even worse to their sexuality rights. Persons with disabilities have on occasion been deprived of bodily birth control decisions because of prejudices and fears of their family members due to hereditary factors, this idea is very present in the studied context; therefore, sex is a taboo for the interviewed mothers of disabled persons.
RESUMO
Objective: Low cognitive ability may reduce the ability to understand the importance of oral health and to perform the necessary practices to maintain proper oral hygiene. Early loss of primary teeth following high caries risk may lead to malocclusion of permanent dentition. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the cognitive levels of adolescents and their orthodontic treatment needs. Material and Methods: Between January 2018 and May 2018, 200 adolescents aged 10 - 15 who applied to the Pediatric Dentistry Clinic of Marmara University and sought orthodontic treatment were invited to participate in the study. The orthodontic treatment needs of 150 adolescents who agreed to participate were evaluated with the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need - Aesthetic Component and their cognitive levels were evaluated with the Raven Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM) Test. P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age (± standard deviation) of 126 adolescents (77 females and 49 males) who completed the SPM test was 11.8 (± 1.3). There was no consistency between the intellectual level and the need for orthodontic treatment (Kappa value = 0.071, p-value = 0.081). There was no correlation between malocclusion severity and intelligence quotient scores of adolescents (ρ [rho] = -0.089, p = 0.322). According to Multiple logistic regression results, there was no difference between 'borderline need' (p = 0.059) and 'great need' (p = 0.881) from 'no need' for orthodontic treatment in adolescents with different intelligence quotients. Conclusions: The results showed no evidence for an association between malocclusion and intelligence quotient.
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Description Disability is extremely common in the United States with 26% of adults identifying as having some type of disability. Oftentimes, people with disabilities need to access health care services frequently in order to receive adequate care and support. However, despite this need, medical students receive limited, if any, education about people with disabilities and how to appropriately provide medical care and interact with them. This lack of education exacerbates health care disparities experienced by people with disabilities. This article highlights these disparities as well as the history of disability and health care. Current advancements in medical education regarding people with disabilities are reviewed with suggestions for medical schools looking to improve or begin programming focused on people with disabilities. By covering the history and current difficulties experienced by people with disabilities accessing health care, as well as the best practices for educating medical students, this article takes steps to fill an important gap in the literature.
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RESUMEN Introducción: las discapacidades constituyen un importante problema de salud y social a nivel mundial. Objetivo: determinar el comportamiento de las discapacidades en el Consejo Popular Hermanos Barcón de Pinar del Río de septiembre a diciembre del 2020. Métodos: se realizó una investigación epidemiológica, descriptiva y transversal. El universo lo integraron las 479 personas con discapacidades, se investigó a la totalidad de los mismos. La información se obtuvo de las historias de salud familiar e individuales de los consultorios médicos. Se realizó un análisis univariado de las variables con el empleo de la estadística descriptiva y se estimaron las tasas de prevalencia de discapacidades general, por grupos de edades, sexo y de cada una de las discapacidades. Se calcularon intervalos de confianza de 95 % de confiabilidad para las respectivas tasas y se calcularon las frecuencias absolutas y los porcentajes. Resultados: se encontró una tasa de prevalencia global de las discapacidades de 3,9 por cada 100 habitantes, prealeció en el grupo de 60 años y más con 8,7 y en el sexo masculino con 4,2. La tasa de discapacidad intelectual fue 1,4 y en las físico motoras de 1,1. Las causas posnatales ocuparon el 67,6 %. Conclusiones: la prevalencia global de las discapacidades fue baja, las que incrementaron con la edad. Fueron frecuentes en el sexo masculino. Predominaron las discapacidades intelectuales y las físico motoras, prevalecieron las causas posnatales.
ABSTRACT Introduction: disabilities constitute an important health and social problem worldwide. Objective: to determine the behavior of disabilities at Hermanos Barcon People's Council in Pinar del Rio from September to December 2020. Methods: an epidemiologic, descriptive and cross-sectional research was conducted. The target group comprised 479 disabled people, including them all in the research. The information was collected through the analysis of the familial and individual health history from the Doctors' Offices. A univariate analysis of the variables was conducted applying descriptive statistics and estimation of the rate of prevalence for the general disabilities per group of ages, sex and each of the disabilities. The intervals of confidence of 95 % of confidentiality were calculated for the respective rates, as well as the calculation of the absolute frequencies and percentages. Results: it was found a rate of global prevalence of disabilities 3,9 per each 100 inhabitants, most frequent in the group of 60 years and older with 8,7 and male sex with 4,2. The rate of intellectual disability was 1,4 and physical-motor 1,1 Postnatal causes reached 67,6 %. Conclusions: the global prevalence of disabilities was low, increasing with age, most frequent in male sex. Intellectual and physical-motor disabilities predominated, postnatal causes prevailed.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the association of oral health indicators and social variables on the frequency of visit to the dentist by persons with intellectual disability (ID). Material and Methods: The study comprised a sample consisting of 149 participants with ID, aged from 11 to 29 years, from non-governmental institutions. Semi-structured interviews were held to collect sociodemographic and psychosocial information with their parents/guardians, followed by oral health evaluations in accordance with World Health Organization criteria. Crude analyses and multiple analysis were conducted to test whether oral health indicators and social data were predictors of the visit to dental care services. Results: In the multiple logistic regression model, individuals with lower DMF-t (OR=3.13; 95% CI=1.40-6.97) and those with less crowded housing (OR=2.33; 95% CI=1.06-5.12) presented less frequency of visits to oral health services. Conclusion: DMFT and crowded housing are associated to the frequency of persons with intellectual disability to dental care as well as this outcome measure affects the oral health of persons with ID. Therefore, identifying limiting factors to dental care of persons with intellectual disability is needed so that this group can receive adequate attention.
